When you can apply for a divorce

De facto relationship

A de facto relationship is a relationship between two people who live together on a genuine domestic basis, and who are not married or related by family. This includes same-sex couples.

Although you weren’t married, if you were in a de facto relationship you can apply to the court for parenting orders and property settlement orders.

For more information, see De facto relationships.

Aboriginal customary marriages

Aboriginal customary marriages aren’t recognised as legal marriages in Australia - they are treated as de facto relationships under the law. 

If you and your spouse were in an Aboriginal customary marriage but have not been legally married, you don’t need to apply for a divorce.

You can still apply to the court for parenting and property settlement orders.

For more information about negotiation a parenting agreement or property settlement, see Parenting and Property settlements.

12-month minimum separation period

You must have been separated from your spouse for at least 12 months before you can apply for a divorce. The 12-month period is calculated from the date of separation until the application for divorce is filed.

If you file an application for divorce before 12 months has passed, your application will be adjourned or dismissed.

Getting back together

You can still apply for a divorce if you and your spouse split up and then resumed living together as a married couple.

You can only count the first period of separation towards the 12-month minimum separation period if you were back together for less than 3 months. You can’t count the time you lived together as a married couple.

If you lived together as a married couple for more than three months after separating, you must begin counting the 12 months minimum separation period from the second date of separation. You can’t count the first period of separation towards the minimum separation period.

Australian citizen or resident

You can apply for a divorce in Australia if either you or your spouse:

• are an Australian citizen, or
  
• see Australia as your home and intend to live here indefinitely, or
• ordinarily live in Australia and have done so in the 12 months immediately before filing for divorce. 

Overseas marriages

If you were married overseas, you can get a divorce in Australia as long as:

• you or your spouse are an Australian citizen or live in Australia
  
• your marriage overseas was a valid legal marriage according to the laws of the country where you got married. 
  

Sometimes overseas marriages may be classified as de facto relationships depending on the validity of the ceremony in that country. If you're not sure if the marriage was valid, you should check your marriage status on your immigration papers or get legal advice.

If you were validly married, you must file a copy of your marriage certificate with your application for divorce. 

If your marriage certificate is not in English, you will need to file an English translation and an affidavit completed by the translator. 

You may have to pay a fee to have your marriage certificate translated.

For more information about getting a translation of your marriage certificate, see Interpreting & Translation on the Multicultural NSW website.

If you can’t get a copy of your foreign marriage certificate, you should get legal advice.

Children

If you and your spouse have a child under 18 years old, the court needs to be satisfied that:

• you have made proper parenting arrangements for your child, or
• under the circumstances the court should make a divorce order even though you haven't made proper parenting arrangements. 

A child of the marriage includes:

• a child of you and your spouse, including a child born before the marriage or after separation
  
• a child adopted by you and your spouse
• a child that was treated as a member of your family prior to separation, for example, a step-child or foster child.
  

You must include the details of arrangements in your application for divorce. The court needs to be satisfied that:

• the appropriate arrangements have been made, or
  
• there are reasons why a divorce order should be made even though the appropriate arrangements have not been made.
  

Divorce and parenting are dealt with separately under the law. The court does not make parenting orders or property settlement orders at the same time as a divorce order. 

For more information about negotiation a parenting agreement or property settlement, see Parenting and Finance and property.

If you plan to apply for a divorce, you need to get all your supporting documents together before your complete your application.

For more information, see Getting your supporting documents.

Recognition of overseas divorce

If you get a divorce in another country, it will be recognised in Australia as long as it was done legally. If it was not done in accordance with the laws of that country it may not be valid and you may need to apply for a divorce in Australia to end the marriage.

If you are unsure if the overseas divorce is recognised in Australia, you should get legal advice. For example, if you were only married religiously, then your relationship would be classed as de facto relationship and a divorce would not be needed.

Last updated: April 2026